Computational · Paper · 2026

ENTO: an ENcrypted, Typed, Omnitrack container format for multimodal research data

Daniel Ari Friedman

Zenodo

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Overview

ENTO (ENcrypted, Typed, Omnitrack) is a flat ZIP container format and reference implementation for bundling heterogeneous research artifacts — time series, genomics slices, spectrograms, provenance proofs — into a single verifiable file. Each track is sealed under per-track AES-256-GCM authenticated encryption with format+track associated-data binding and PADMÉ length padding. The default wire format is 0.4.0; formats 0.2.0, 0.3.0, and 0.3.1 remain read/write compatibility profiles. Graded observability levels control how much manifest metadata a recipient sees, and an optional hash-chained proof export provides tamper-evident lineage. Verification deliberately separates key-authenticated integrity from keyless corruption detection.

This deposit is the 0.4 manuscript release candidate together with the MIT-licensed reference implementation source. Planned code home: https://github.com/docxology/entofile.

research data formatsauthenticated encryptionAES-256-GCMreproducible researchmultimodal containers

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Methods and contributions

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Findings and contributions

  • Tamper detection succeeded on all 2400 benchmark rows (rate 1.0).
  • Mean pack throughput was 78.9296 MiB/s on the medium-track condition at observability level 3 (n = 150, CV 15.3%); the paper makes no superiority claim.
  • Ciphertext expansion on fixture tracks was an exact, zero-variance 1.7113.
  • Length is not hidden exactly: non-sealed levels disclose byte_length in the manifest, and sealed export still reveals the PADMÉ bucket.
  • Concludes that a flat ZIP container can carry typed multimodal tracks, authenticated encryption, graded observability and proof export without becoming a repository or hosted service.

Methods

  • Flat ZIP layout: manifest.json, one encrypted member per track, optional proof — Defines the container as a ZIP archive with a typed manifest, per-track .ento members and an optional hash-chain proof file.
  • Per-track AES-256-GCM envelopes with HKDF-derived keys — Each track is sealed with authenticated encryption under a fixed nonce||tag||ciphertext header, specified in a Kaitai Struct file.
  • Four graded observability levels for export-time manifest redaction — Observability levels 0–3 control which manifest metadata a recipient sees, without re-encrypting the track payloads.
  • Associated-data binding and PADMÉ length padding in the default profile — The 0.4.0 default binds associated data and pads ciphertext members to PADMÉ buckets to coarsen the length channel.
  • Scripted benchmark: 150 repetitions over observability levels on fixture tracks — Benchmarks on committed EEG, VCF and spectrogram fixtures plus a synthetic throughput track measure throughput, latency, expansion and tamper detection.

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Citation

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Friedman, Daniel Ari. 2026. ENTO: an ENcrypted, Typed, Omnitrack container format for multimodal research data. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20396328. URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20396328.
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Catalog details and resources

Catalog row167
Citation keyFriedman2026ENTOENcryptedTypedOmnitrack167
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