---
name: "TwoLineages"
description: "Dependent-lineage ant species challenge conventional assumptions about colony genetic structure and its relationship to colony-level behavior. In dependent-lineage species, queens must mate with males..."
tags: ["dependent-lineage", "mating-systems", "pogonomyrmex", "harvester-ants", "genetic-caste-determination", "intragenomic-conflict", "colony-organization", "social-evolution"]
domain: "Entomology"
citation: "Daniel A. Friedman, Deborah M. Gordon (2017). *TwoLineages*. Entomology."
---

# TwoLineages

**Daniel A. Friedman, Deborah M. Gordon** (2017) · Entomology

## Context

This work addresses topics in **Entomology**: dependent-lineage, mating systems, Pogonomyrmex, harvester ants.

## Methods

Primary methods and techniques applied in this work:

- Field observation and behavioral assays
- Population genetics analysis

## Key Findings

Core contributions and results:

- Dependent-lineage ant species challenge conventional assumptions about colony genetic structure and its relationship to colony-level behavior..
- In dependent-lineage species, queens must mate with males....

## Related Works

- [2016_AntGenetics](../2016_AntGenetics/)
- [2016_ForagingGene](../2016_ForagingGene/)
- [2017_MutAnts](../2017_MutAnts/)

## Validation

Verification points for this work:

- DOI: Not assigned
- PDF SHA-256: See zenodo_record
- Pairing confidence: unknown
- Last checked: 2026-07-01T20:50:01Z

## Prerequisites

- Familiarity with dependent-lineage, mating systems, Pogonomyrmex
- Background in Entomology fundamentals
- Access to source repository: N/A

## Instructions

When working with this paper:

1. Use the canonical citation above.
2. Apply methods listed in the Methods section for related analysis.
3. Validate findings against the original PDF and metadata.